Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects.
Identifieur interne : 001F85 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001F84; suivant : 001F86Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects.
Auteurs : Romain Daillère [France] ; Marie Vétizou [France] ; Nadine Waldschmitt [France] ; Takahiro Yamazaki [France] ; Christophe Isnard [France] ; Vichnou Poirier-Colame [France] ; Connie P M. Duong [France] ; Caroline Flament [France] ; Patricia Lepage [France] ; Maria Paula Roberti [France] ; Bertrand Routy [France] ; Nicolas Jacquelot [France] ; Lionel Apetoh [France] ; Sonia Becharef [France] ; Sylvie Rusakiewicz [France] ; Philippe Langella [France] ; Harry Sokol [France] ; Guido Kroemer [Suède] ; David Enot [France] ; Antoine Roux [France] ; Alexander Eggermont [France] ; Eric Tartour [France] ; Ludger Johannes [France] ; Paul-Louis Woerther [France] ; Elisabeth Chachaty [France] ; Jean-Charles Soria [France] ; Encouse Golden [États-Unis] ; Silvia Formenti [États-Unis] ; Magdalena Plebanski [Australie] ; Mutsa Madondo [Australie] ; Philip Rosenstiel [Allemagne] ; Didier Raoult [France] ; Vincent Cattoir [France] ; Ivo Gomperts Boneca [France] ; Mathias Chamaillard [France] ; Laurence Zitvogel [France]Source :
- Immunity [ 1097-4180 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Cyclophosphamide (pharmacologie), Côlon (immunologie), Côlon (microbiologie), Enterococcus hirae (immunologie), Facteurs immunologiques (immunologie), Immunothérapie (), Interféron gamma (immunologie), Intestin grêle (immunologie), Intestin grêle (microbiologie), Lymphocytes auxiliaires Th1 (immunologie), Monitorage immunologique, Mémoire immunologique (immunologie), Protéine adaptatrice de signalisation NOD2 (immunologie), Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL, Tumeurs (immunologie), Tumeurs (traitement médicamenteux).
- MESH :
- immunologie : Côlon, Enterococcus hirae, Facteurs immunologiques, Interféron gamma, Intestin grêle, Lymphocytes auxiliaires Th1, Mémoire immunologique, Protéine adaptatrice de signalisation NOD2, Tumeurs.
- microbiologie : Côlon, Intestin grêle.
- pharmacologie : Cyclophosphamide.
- traitement médicamenteux : Tumeurs.
- Animaux, Immunothérapie, Monitorage immunologique, Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Colon (immunology), Colon (microbiology), Cyclophosphamide (pharmacology), Enterococcus hirae (immunology), Immunologic Factors (immunology), Immunologic Memory (immunology), Immunotherapy (methods), Interferon-gamma (immunology), Intestine, Small (immunology), Intestine, Small (microbiology), Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Monitoring, Immunologic, Neoplasms (drug therapy), Neoplasms (immunology), Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein (immunology), Th1 Cells (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Immunologic Factors, Interferon-gamma, Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein.
- chemical , pharmacology : Cyclophosphamide.
- drug therapy : Neoplasms.
- immunology : Colon, Enterococcus hirae, Immunologic Memory, Intestine, Small, Neoplasms, Th1 Cells.
- methods : Immunotherapy.
- microbiology : Colon, Intestine, Small.
- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Monitoring, Immunologic.
Abstract
The efficacy of the anti-cancer immunomodulatory agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) relies on intestinal bacteria. How and which relevant bacterial species are involved in tumor immunosurveillance, and their mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we identified two bacterial species, Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis that are involved during CTX therapy. Whereas E. hirae translocated from the small intestine to secondary lymphoid organs and increased the intratumoral CD8/Treg ratio, B. intestinihominis accumulated in the colon and promoted the infiltration of IFN-γ-producing γδT cells in cancer lesions. The immune sensor, NOD2, limited CTX-induced cancer immunosurveillance and the bioactivity of these microbes. Finally, E. hirae and B. intestinihominis specific-memory Th1 cell immune responses selectively predicted longer progression-free survival in advanced lung and ovarian cancer patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy. Altogether, E. hirae and B. intestinihominis represent valuable "oncomicrobiotics" ameliorating the efficacy of the most common alkylating immunomodulatory compound.
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.009
PubMed: 27717798
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, France, Suède, États-Unis
- Basse-Normandie, Hauts-de-France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Région Normandie, Schleswig-Holstein, État de New York, Île-de-France
- Caen, Kiel, Lille, Marseille, Paris
- Université Paris-Descartes, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie
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Le document en format XML
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Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldschmitt, Nadine" sort="Waldschmitt, Nadine" uniqKey="Waldschmitt N" first="Nadine" last="Waldschmitt">Nadine Waldschmitt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamazaki, Takahiro" sort="Yamazaki, Takahiro" uniqKey="Yamazaki T" first="Takahiro" last="Yamazaki">Takahiro Yamazaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isnard, Christophe" sort="Isnard, Christophe" uniqKey="Isnard C" first="Christophe" last="Isnard">Christophe Isnard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14033</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Basse-Normandie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" sort="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" uniqKey="Poirier Colame V" first="Vichnou" last="Poirier-Colame">Vichnou Poirier-Colame</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duong, Connie P M" sort="Duong, Connie P M" uniqKey="Duong C" first="Connie P M" last="Duong">Connie P M. Duong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flament, Caroline" sort="Flament, Caroline" uniqKey="Flament C" first="Caroline" last="Flament">Caroline Flament</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepage, Patricia" sort="Lepage, Patricia" uniqKey="Lepage P" first="Patricia" last="Lepage">Patricia Lepage</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberti, Maria Paula" sort="Roberti, Maria Paula" uniqKey="Roberti M" first="Maria Paula" last="Roberti">Maria Paula Roberti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Routy, Bertrand" sort="Routy, Bertrand" uniqKey="Routy B" first="Bertrand" last="Routy">Bertrand Routy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquelot, Nicolas" sort="Jacquelot, Nicolas" uniqKey="Jacquelot N" first="Nicolas" last="Jacquelot">Nicolas Jacquelot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apetoh, Lionel" sort="Apetoh, Lionel" uniqKey="Apetoh L" first="Lionel" last="Apetoh">Lionel Apetoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becharef, Sonia" sort="Becharef, Sonia" uniqKey="Becharef S" first="Sonia" last="Becharef">Sonia Becharef</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" sort="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" uniqKey="Rusakiewicz S" first="Sylvie" last="Rusakiewicz">Sylvie Rusakiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langella, Philippe" sort="Langella, Philippe" uniqKey="Langella P" first="Philippe" last="Langella">Philippe Langella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sokol, Harry" sort="Sokol, Harry" uniqKey="Sokol H" first="Harry" last="Sokol">Harry Sokol</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AVENIR Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, ERL, INSERM U 1157/UMR 7203, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, 75012, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, 75012, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AVENIR Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, ERL, INSERM U 1157/UMR 7203, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, 75012, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, 75012</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75012</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75012</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U848, 94805 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, 75006, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U848, 94805 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, 75006, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enot, David" sort="Enot, David" uniqKey="Enot D" first="David" last="Enot">David Enot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roux, Antoine" sort="Roux, Antoine" uniqKey="Roux A" first="Antoine" last="Roux">Antoine Roux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75006</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75006</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggermont, Alexander" sort="Eggermont, Alexander" uniqKey="Eggermont A" first="Alexander" last="Eggermont">Alexander Eggermont</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tartour, Eric" sort="Tartour, Eric" uniqKey="Tartour E" first="Eric" last="Tartour">Eric Tartour</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; Service d'immunologie biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, 75015 France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; Service d'immunologie biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johannes, Ludger" sort="Johannes, Ludger" uniqKey="Johannes L" first="Ludger" last="Johannes">Ludger Johannes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, Paris, 75248, France; CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, 75005, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, Paris, 75248, France; CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, 75005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woerther, Paul Louis" sort="Woerther, Paul Louis" uniqKey="Woerther P" first="Paul-Louis" last="Woerther">Paul-Louis Woerther</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chachaty, Elisabeth" sort="Chachaty, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Chachaty E" first="Elisabeth" last="Chachaty">Elisabeth Chachaty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soria, Jean Charles" sort="Soria, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Soria J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Soria">Jean-Charles Soria</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golden, Encouse" sort="Golden, Encouse" uniqKey="Golden E" first="Encouse" last="Golden">Encouse Golden</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Formenti, Silvia" sort="Formenti, Silvia" uniqKey="Formenti S" first="Silvia" last="Formenti">Silvia Formenti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plebanski, Magdalena" sort="Plebanski, Magdalena" uniqKey="Plebanski M" first="Magdalena" last="Plebanski">Magdalena Plebanski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3181</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madondo, Mutsa" sort="Madondo, Mutsa" uniqKey="Madondo M" first="Mutsa" last="Madondo">Mutsa Madondo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3181</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenstiel, Philip" sort="Rosenstiel, Philip" uniqKey="Rosenstiel P" first="Philip" last="Rosenstiel">Philip Rosenstiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE, URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UMR 7278, INSERM 1095, IRD 198, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13005, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE, URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UMR 7278, INSERM 1095, IRD 198, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13005</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cattoir, Vincent" sort="Cattoir, Vincent" uniqKey="Cattoir V" first="Vincent" last="Cattoir">Vincent Cattoir</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques, Caen, 14033, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques, Caen, 14033</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14033</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Basse-Normandie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" sort="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" uniqKey="Boneca I" first="Ivo Gomperts" last="Boneca">Ivo Gomperts Boneca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unit Biology and Genetics of the bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, 75015, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Biology and Genetics of the bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, 75015</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75015</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chamaillard, Mathias" sort="Chamaillard, Mathias" uniqKey="Chamaillard M" first="Mathias" last="Chamaillard">Mathias Chamaillard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitvogel, Laurence" sort="Zitvogel, Laurence" uniqKey="Zitvogel L" first="Laurence" last="Zitvogel">Laurence Zitvogel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France. Electronic address: laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27717798</idno><idno type="pmid">27717798</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001794</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001794</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001771</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001771</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001771</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001771</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003C75</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003C75</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003C75</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001F84</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001F85</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001F85</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects.</title><author><name sortKey="Daillere, Romain" sort="Daillere, Romain" uniqKey="Daillere R" first="Romain" last="Daillère">Romain Daillère</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vetizou, Marie" sort="Vetizou, Marie" uniqKey="Vetizou M" first="Marie" last="Vétizou">Marie Vétizou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldschmitt, Nadine" sort="Waldschmitt, Nadine" uniqKey="Waldschmitt N" first="Nadine" last="Waldschmitt">Nadine Waldschmitt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamazaki, Takahiro" sort="Yamazaki, Takahiro" uniqKey="Yamazaki T" first="Takahiro" last="Yamazaki">Takahiro Yamazaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isnard, Christophe" sort="Isnard, Christophe" uniqKey="Isnard C" first="Christophe" last="Isnard">Christophe Isnard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" sort="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" uniqKey="Poirier Colame V" first="Vichnou" last="Poirier-Colame">Vichnou Poirier-Colame</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duong, Connie P M" sort="Duong, Connie P M" uniqKey="Duong C" first="Connie P M" last="Duong">Connie P M. Duong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flament, Caroline" sort="Flament, Caroline" uniqKey="Flament C" first="Caroline" last="Flament">Caroline Flament</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepage, Patricia" sort="Lepage, Patricia" uniqKey="Lepage P" first="Patricia" last="Lepage">Patricia Lepage</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberti, Maria Paula" sort="Roberti, Maria Paula" uniqKey="Roberti M" first="Maria Paula" last="Roberti">Maria Paula Roberti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Routy, Bertrand" sort="Routy, Bertrand" uniqKey="Routy B" first="Bertrand" last="Routy">Bertrand Routy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquelot, Nicolas" sort="Jacquelot, Nicolas" uniqKey="Jacquelot N" first="Nicolas" last="Jacquelot">Nicolas Jacquelot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apetoh, Lionel" sort="Apetoh, Lionel" uniqKey="Apetoh L" first="Lionel" last="Apetoh">Lionel Apetoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Becharef, Sonia" sort="Becharef, Sonia" uniqKey="Becharef S" first="Sonia" last="Becharef">Sonia Becharef</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" sort="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" uniqKey="Rusakiewicz S" first="Sylvie" last="Rusakiewicz">Sylvie Rusakiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langella, Philippe" sort="Langella, Philippe" uniqKey="Langella P" first="Philippe" last="Langella">Philippe Langella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78350 Jouy-en-Josas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sokol, Harry" sort="Sokol, Harry" uniqKey="Sokol H" first="Harry" last="Sokol">Harry Sokol</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AVENIR Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, ERL, INSERM U 1157/UMR 7203, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, 75012, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, 75012, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AVENIR Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, ERL, INSERM U 1157/UMR 7203, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, 75012, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, 75012</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75012</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75012</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U848, 94805 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, 75006, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U848, 94805 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, 75006, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enot, David" sort="Enot, David" uniqKey="Enot D" first="David" last="Enot">David Enot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roux, Antoine" sort="Roux, Antoine" uniqKey="Roux A" first="Antoine" last="Roux">Antoine Roux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75006</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75006</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggermont, Alexander" sort="Eggermont, Alexander" uniqKey="Eggermont A" first="Alexander" last="Eggermont">Alexander Eggermont</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tartour, Eric" sort="Tartour, Eric" uniqKey="Tartour E" first="Eric" last="Tartour">Eric Tartour</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; Service d'immunologie biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, 75015 France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; Service d'immunologie biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johannes, Ludger" sort="Johannes, Ludger" uniqKey="Johannes L" first="Ludger" last="Johannes">Ludger Johannes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, Paris, 75248, France; CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, 75005, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, Paris, 75248, France; CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, 75005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woerther, Paul Louis" sort="Woerther, Paul Louis" uniqKey="Woerther P" first="Paul-Louis" last="Woerther">Paul-Louis Woerther</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chachaty, Elisabeth" sort="Chachaty, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Chachaty E" first="Elisabeth" last="Chachaty">Elisabeth Chachaty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soria, Jean Charles" sort="Soria, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Soria J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Soria">Jean-Charles Soria</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94270</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golden, Encouse" sort="Golden, Encouse" uniqKey="Golden E" first="Encouse" last="Golden">Encouse Golden</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Formenti, Silvia" sort="Formenti, Silvia" uniqKey="Formenti S" first="Silvia" last="Formenti">Silvia Formenti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plebanski, Magdalena" sort="Plebanski, Magdalena" uniqKey="Plebanski M" first="Magdalena" last="Plebanski">Magdalena Plebanski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3181</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madondo, Mutsa" sort="Madondo, Mutsa" uniqKey="Madondo M" first="Mutsa" last="Madondo">Mutsa Madondo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Precinct, Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria 3181</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3181</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenstiel, Philip" sort="Rosenstiel, Philip" uniqKey="Rosenstiel P" first="Philip" last="Rosenstiel">Philip Rosenstiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE, URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UMR 7278, INSERM 1095, IRD 198, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13005, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE, URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UMR 7278, INSERM 1095, IRD 198, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13005</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cattoir, Vincent" sort="Cattoir, Vincent" uniqKey="Cattoir V" first="Vincent" last="Cattoir">Vincent Cattoir</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques, Caen, 14033, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Caen, 14033, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, 14033, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques, Caen, 14033</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14033</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Basse-Normandie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" sort="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" uniqKey="Boneca I" first="Ivo Gomperts" last="Boneca">Ivo Gomperts Boneca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, Unit Biology and Genetics of the bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, 75015, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Biology and Genetics of the bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, 75015</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75015</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chamaillard, Mathias" sort="Chamaillard, Mathias" uniqKey="Chamaillard M" first="Mathias" last="Chamaillard">Mathias Chamaillard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>59000 Lille</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitvogel, Laurence" sort="Zitvogel, Laurence" uniqKey="Zitvogel L" first="Laurence" last="Zitvogel">Laurence Zitvogel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805, France. Electronic address: laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, 94805, France; University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, 94805</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>94805</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Immunity</title><idno type="eISSN">1097-4180</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Colon (immunology)</term><term>Colon (microbiology)</term><term>Cyclophosphamide (pharmacology)</term><term>Enterococcus hirae (immunology)</term><term>Immunologic Factors (immunology)</term><term>Immunologic Memory (immunology)</term><term>Immunotherapy (methods)</term><term>Interferon-gamma (immunology)</term><term>Intestine, Small (immunology)</term><term>Intestine, Small (microbiology)</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Monitoring, Immunologic</term><term>Neoplasms (drug therapy)</term><term>Neoplasms (immunology)</term><term>Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein (immunology)</term><term>Th1 Cells (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Cyclophosphamide (pharmacologie)</term><term>Côlon (immunologie)</term><term>Côlon (microbiologie)</term><term>Enterococcus hirae (immunologie)</term><term>Facteurs immunologiques (immunologie)</term><term>Immunothérapie ()</term><term>Interféron gamma (immunologie)</term><term>Intestin grêle (immunologie)</term><term>Intestin grêle (microbiologie)</term><term>Lymphocytes auxiliaires Th1 (immunologie)</term><term>Monitorage immunologique</term><term>Mémoire immunologique (immunologie)</term><term>Protéine adaptatrice de signalisation NOD2 (immunologie)</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term><term>Tumeurs (immunologie)</term><term>Tumeurs (traitement médicamenteux)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Immunologic Factors</term><term>Interferon-gamma</term><term>Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cyclophosphamide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Neoplasms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Côlon</term><term>Enterococcus hirae</term><term>Facteurs immunologiques</term><term>Interféron gamma</term><term>Intestin grêle</term><term>Lymphocytes auxiliaires Th1</term><term>Mémoire immunologique</term><term>Protéine adaptatrice de signalisation NOD2</term><term>Tumeurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Colon</term><term>Enterococcus hirae</term><term>Immunologic Memory</term><term>Intestine, Small</term><term>Neoplasms</term><term>Th1 Cells</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Immunotherapy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Côlon</term><term>Intestin grêle</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Colon</term><term>Intestine, Small</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cyclophosphamide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tumeurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Monitoring, Immunologic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Immunothérapie</term><term>Monitorage immunologique</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The efficacy of the anti-cancer immunomodulatory agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) relies on intestinal bacteria. How and which relevant bacterial species are involved in tumor immunosurveillance, and their mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we identified two bacterial species, Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis that are involved during CTX therapy. Whereas E. hirae translocated from the small intestine to secondary lymphoid organs and increased the intratumoral CD8/Treg ratio, B. intestinihominis accumulated in the colon and promoted the infiltration of IFN-γ-producing γδT cells in cancer lesions. The immune sensor, NOD2, limited CTX-induced cancer immunosurveillance and the bioactivity of these microbes. Finally, E. hirae and B. intestinihominis specific-memory Th1 cell immune responses selectively predicted longer progression-free survival in advanced lung and ovarian cancer patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy. Altogether, E. hirae and B. intestinihominis represent valuable "oncomicrobiotics" ameliorating the efficacy of the most common alkylating immunomodulatory compound.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Basse-Normandie</li><li>Hauts-de-France</li><li>Nord-Pas-de-Calais</li><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li><li>Région Normandie</li><li>Schleswig-Holstein</li><li>État de New York</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Caen</li><li>Kiel</li><li>Lille</li><li>Marseille</li><li>Paris</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Paris-Descartes</li><li>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Daillere, Romain" sort="Daillere, Romain" uniqKey="Daillere R" first="Romain" last="Daillère">Romain Daillère</name></region><name sortKey="Apetoh, Lionel" sort="Apetoh, Lionel" uniqKey="Apetoh L" first="Lionel" last="Apetoh">Lionel Apetoh</name><name sortKey="Becharef, Sonia" sort="Becharef, Sonia" uniqKey="Becharef S" first="Sonia" last="Becharef">Sonia Becharef</name><name sortKey="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" sort="Boneca, Ivo Gomperts" uniqKey="Boneca I" first="Ivo Gomperts" last="Boneca">Ivo Gomperts Boneca</name><name sortKey="Cattoir, Vincent" sort="Cattoir, Vincent" uniqKey="Cattoir V" first="Vincent" last="Cattoir">Vincent Cattoir</name><name sortKey="Chachaty, Elisabeth" sort="Chachaty, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Chachaty E" first="Elisabeth" last="Chachaty">Elisabeth Chachaty</name><name sortKey="Chamaillard, Mathias" sort="Chamaillard, Mathias" uniqKey="Chamaillard M" first="Mathias" last="Chamaillard">Mathias Chamaillard</name><name sortKey="Duong, Connie P M" sort="Duong, Connie P M" uniqKey="Duong C" first="Connie P M" last="Duong">Connie P M. Duong</name><name sortKey="Eggermont, Alexander" sort="Eggermont, Alexander" uniqKey="Eggermont A" first="Alexander" last="Eggermont">Alexander Eggermont</name><name sortKey="Enot, David" sort="Enot, David" uniqKey="Enot D" first="David" last="Enot">David Enot</name><name sortKey="Flament, Caroline" sort="Flament, Caroline" uniqKey="Flament C" first="Caroline" last="Flament">Caroline Flament</name><name sortKey="Isnard, Christophe" sort="Isnard, Christophe" uniqKey="Isnard C" first="Christophe" last="Isnard">Christophe Isnard</name><name sortKey="Jacquelot, Nicolas" sort="Jacquelot, Nicolas" uniqKey="Jacquelot N" first="Nicolas" last="Jacquelot">Nicolas Jacquelot</name><name sortKey="Johannes, Ludger" sort="Johannes, Ludger" uniqKey="Johannes L" first="Ludger" last="Johannes">Ludger Johannes</name><name sortKey="Langella, Philippe" sort="Langella, Philippe" uniqKey="Langella P" first="Philippe" last="Langella">Philippe Langella</name><name sortKey="Lepage, Patricia" sort="Lepage, Patricia" uniqKey="Lepage P" first="Patricia" last="Lepage">Patricia Lepage</name><name sortKey="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" sort="Poirier Colame, Vichnou" uniqKey="Poirier Colame V" first="Vichnou" last="Poirier-Colame">Vichnou Poirier-Colame</name><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><name sortKey="Roberti, Maria Paula" sort="Roberti, Maria Paula" uniqKey="Roberti M" first="Maria Paula" last="Roberti">Maria Paula Roberti</name><name sortKey="Routy, Bertrand" sort="Routy, Bertrand" uniqKey="Routy B" first="Bertrand" last="Routy">Bertrand Routy</name><name sortKey="Roux, Antoine" sort="Roux, Antoine" uniqKey="Roux A" first="Antoine" last="Roux">Antoine Roux</name><name sortKey="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" sort="Rusakiewicz, Sylvie" uniqKey="Rusakiewicz S" first="Sylvie" last="Rusakiewicz">Sylvie Rusakiewicz</name><name sortKey="Sokol, Harry" sort="Sokol, Harry" uniqKey="Sokol H" first="Harry" last="Sokol">Harry Sokol</name><name sortKey="Soria, Jean Charles" sort="Soria, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Soria J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Soria">Jean-Charles Soria</name><name sortKey="Tartour, Eric" sort="Tartour, Eric" uniqKey="Tartour E" first="Eric" last="Tartour">Eric Tartour</name><name sortKey="Vetizou, Marie" sort="Vetizou, Marie" uniqKey="Vetizou M" first="Marie" last="Vétizou">Marie Vétizou</name><name sortKey="Waldschmitt, Nadine" sort="Waldschmitt, Nadine" uniqKey="Waldschmitt N" first="Nadine" last="Waldschmitt">Nadine Waldschmitt</name><name sortKey="Woerther, Paul Louis" sort="Woerther, Paul Louis" uniqKey="Woerther P" first="Paul-Louis" last="Woerther">Paul-Louis Woerther</name><name sortKey="Yamazaki, Takahiro" sort="Yamazaki, Takahiro" uniqKey="Yamazaki T" first="Takahiro" last="Yamazaki">Takahiro Yamazaki</name><name sortKey="Zitvogel, Laurence" sort="Zitvogel, Laurence" uniqKey="Zitvogel L" first="Laurence" last="Zitvogel">Laurence Zitvogel</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Golden, Encouse" sort="Golden, Encouse" uniqKey="Golden E" first="Encouse" last="Golden">Encouse Golden</name></region><name sortKey="Formenti, Silvia" sort="Formenti, Silvia" uniqKey="Formenti S" first="Silvia" last="Formenti">Silvia Formenti</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Plebanski, Magdalena" sort="Plebanski, Magdalena" uniqKey="Plebanski M" first="Magdalena" last="Plebanski">Magdalena Plebanski</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Madondo, Mutsa" sort="Madondo, Mutsa" uniqKey="Madondo M" first="Mutsa" last="Madondo">Mutsa Madondo</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Schleswig-Holstein"><name sortKey="Rosenstiel, Philip" sort="Rosenstiel, Philip" uniqKey="Rosenstiel P" first="Philip" last="Rosenstiel">Philip Rosenstiel</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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